Earthquake resistant building construction pdf report free download. Dhajjidewari is the name given to a traditional timberbraced frame with random rubble masonry infill construction practiced mainly in kashmir, but also found in some mountainous northern parts of pakistan and india. Allowing dhajji construction marks the first step on. Simplified engineering tools for seismic analysis and. Boarding should not be used as only short wall lengths. It was all about earthquake resistant building construction seminar and ppt with pdf report. Pdf inplane behavior of the dhajjidewari structural system. There may be a lot of small cracks which are not dangerous. Because of its visual similarity the same term was applied to a traditional building technique of the kashmir mountains. The performance of this timberlaced traditional construction confirmed earlier findings figure 6. Dhajji dewari is a persian term meaning a patchwork quilt wall. Jul 22, 2012 this paper presents simplified engineering tools for seismic analysis of traditional dhajji dewari structures, a concentrically braced timber frame with masonry infill, within the context of vulnerability assessment of existing stock, strengthening and restoration of historical heritage and feasibility analysis of future construction projects.
The other components, such as windows, and doors are made on site. For big projects and specialized works, the chief engineer concerned may issue. The aim of the research was to develop a design approach for masonry infill walls capable of solving their vulnerability and detrimental interaction with the frame structure when exposed to seismic excitation. In this construction system, the walls are made of timber frames with infills of light thin panels made by close packaging of mud mortar, stone and ballast. It is a real value addition, focused on the construction industry. Experimental testing of engineered masonry infill walls for. Inplane behavior of the dhajjidewari structural system.
Earthquake resistant vernacular architecture analysis. Download these free autocad files of construction details for your cad projects. In less than three years over 120,000 rural houses have been rebuilt using the dhajji construction technique. This form of construction is also referred to in the indian standard codes as brick nogged timber frame construction.
The configuration of the walls is accordance with traditional construction practice which is being employed in seismic zone v of kashmir. Details for conventional wood frame construction 1. Flat boards were used between the main posts to hold the inll. The ratios of the mixture are determined in accordance with the purpose of construction. This structural system of construction is known as shear wall diaphragm concept, which gives threedimensional structural integrity for the buildings.
There is limited research to validate the performance of. The walls are lighter and thinner and are made of timber framing with infills of brick or sometimes stone masonry. Very good potential for incorporating the design and construction principles into contemporary rural buildings. This paper presents simplified engineering tools for seismic analysis of traditional dhajjidewari structures, a concentrically braced timber frame with masonry infill, within the context of vulnerability assessment of existing stock, strengthening and restoration of historical heritage and feasibility analysis of future construction projects. Building codes ordinances and regulations controlling the design, construction, material, alteration and occupancy of any structure to ensure human safety and welfare. This type of building performed well in the 2005 kashmir earthquake. These are what some call conceptual plans, a page or two long. Dhajji dewari earthquake resistant construction system in jammu and kashmir, may 2016. Details for conventional wood frame construction 1 free download as pdf file. Pdf on jun 22, 2012, abdul rashid dar and others published experimental study. Vernacular houses in poonch using kashmiri techniques of dhajji dewari timber frame with masonry infill performed much better during the.
It took practice, teamwork, strategic thinking, patience, and a sense of humor, but with practice my team grew together and became expert engineers. Dhajji construction for one and two storey earthquake resistant houses. Building construction illustrated free pdf, chm, djvu, epub. The dhajji dewari buildings is a mixture of timber and masonry construction that is also found in nonearthquake zones. Low embodied energy because the system uses only locally available materials available in hp. Pdf traditional earthquake resistant systems of kashmir. Some of the houses built using the dhajjidewari type of construction are shown in figure 2. The friction between all the small elements and their infills breaks down the energy.
Vernacular architecture of hills,india engineering. The treatment is clear, methodical as well as interesting and easy to follow. However, during such events particular types of houses are found to be more resilient than common types of housing stocks. In pakistan, dhajji dewari is often referred to with only the single word, dhajji, figure 4 and taq is called bhatar figure 5. Wall basics building a wall panel page 1 allan block. Various studies on dhajji walls indicate that connections especially those.
The dhajji dewari buildings is a mixture of timber and masonry construction that is. Dhajji means interconnected or patchwork quilt and dewari means wall in the local kashmiri language, therefore dhajjidewari means an interconnected, or patchworkquilt, wall. The president visits mashobra at least once every year, and during this time hisher core office shifts to the retreat at chharabra. Three full scale dhajji walls tested quasistaticcyclically, with additional 18 tension. Using traditional knowledge systems for postdisaster. Inplane behavior of full scale dhajji walls wooden braced frame with stone infill under quasistatic loading. The walls are lighter and thinner and are made of timber framing. Autocad construction details free download, architectural.
Centre for indigenous building crafts interpretation of. The wooden masonic ring of major enoch obid wolf the grand may 2, 20. Training manual national disaster management authority. The term dhajjidewari comes from the persian language and literally means patchwork quilt wall which is an appropriate description for the construction to which it refers. This latter issue is the research topic analysed here, as halftimbered buildings have been specifically used in reconstruction plans as earthquakeresistant buildings in many countries, such as portugal, india, greece, etc. Structural performance of earthen construction masonry systems can be improved in two main ways. Disasters like earthquakes and flood cause enormous loss of lives and property in nepal frequently. This paper presents an experimental investigation conducted on traditional timber structures, known as dhajji dewari dd. Similar construction is used around the world, under different names. A pdf merger demo training manual booklet ii disaster preparedness and mitigation. A paper on dhajji wall masonry thermal insulation scribd. Earthquake resistant vernacular architecture free essay. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors.
In few cases the earthquake is fierce to the surface of the earth which delivers the energy in the crust of the earth, coming to the released energy then it is a quick and unexpected displacement of the parts of the crust. These timber structures are mostly constructed in mountainous regions and other places where availability of conventional building construction materials is scarce. Dhajji dewari persian for patch quilt wall is a traditional building type found in the western himalayas. All content included on our site, such as text, images, digital downloads and other, is the property of its content suppliers and protected by us and international laws. The role of earthquake resistant vernacular architecture in kashmir introduction vernacular architecture is the response from a community or a group of persons needs in regards to the built environment using locally available resources. The first is a system level approach that uses structural reinforcement steel rebar, reinforced concrete bond beams, roof to wall connections, and other established guidelines for unreinforced masonry practice. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations conducted on typical dhajji buildings found in the northern mountainous areas of kashmir and surrounding regions to evaluate their inp. Handbook of construction details architectural products for the building industry 12 ssr, decor flush7, amp lok, double lock, grandcurve, high seam, posi lock soffit, slim seam 7, snaponbatten. If you liked it then please share it or if you want to ask anything then please hit comment button. These ratios may change according to the nature and content of clay in the soil.
Dhajji house free download as powerpoint presentation. The cad drawings includes more than highquality dwg files for free download. In this construction system, structurally, each wall and slab behaves as a shear wall and a diaphragm respectively, reducing the vulnerability of disastrous damage to the structure during natural hazards. The small panels distribute the earthquake energy evenly. Most will have all the necessary information to build your project, from trusses to aviaries, barns, fences and cattle buildings to name just a very few. As the wall is interconnected by bracers and contains the masonry patchwork used as infill within the timber framework, the name fits the system very well.
After the october 2005 kashmir earthquake over 100,000 homes were reconstructed using the indigenous construction method of dhajji dewari. With the hottate method the posts hottatebashira, or hashiranonemoto. Due to its resemblance in the appearance to quilt patchwork of persian weavers it is called as dhajji. Balloon frame in balloonframe construction, exterior wall studs continue through the first and second stories. Dhajji construction is made of highly subdivided light timber frames with masonry infills. Currently on leave of absence from indian institute of technology kanpur the indian subcontinent has suffered some of the greatest.
This paper outlines the disaster resilient vernacular housing technologies in two of the physiographic regions of nepal. May 14, 2014 house with timber balconies and two sided pi taaq type construction unbaked brick wall with timber element 55. The building housing the retreat is a purely wooden structure originally constructed in 1850. Dhajji dewari the dhajji dewari buildings is a mixture of timber and masonry construction that is also found in nonearthquake zones. Habib mughal, hamid mumtaz, babar tanwir, sumera bilal and colleagues of the rural reconstruction programme. The most complete and comprehensive books on exterior wall construction materials are the product information and installation manuals of individual manufacturers.
The traditional dhajji wall framed wall planning consists of two rooms. Dec 26, 2015 building construction illustrated by francis d. Such houses are found in both the pakistan and indian administered kashmir. This manual, and its companion bhatar construction, an illustrated gui. Dhajji dewari is a timber frame with stone and earth infill, typically used in the mountain regions of south asia.
Earthquake resistant building construction pdf and ppt. Building construction by rangwala pdf free download zip. Free resources to assist you with your university studies. Dhajji dewari system a valid construction in seismic area got its recognition after kashmir earthquake in 2005. Jain 0 1 0 indian institute of technology gandhinagar, gujarat, india 1 sudhir k. Raised earth foundations natural building forum at permies. It is a traditional method used in pakistan and kashmir and has been found to survive earthquakes very well californians take note this could be a great way to use stone you have on your property particularly if you also have clay. You are free to copy, distribute, adapt and transmit this work under the. It is located km away from downtown shimla and is a thousand feet higher than the shimla ridge top, which is part of the himalayas. Simplified engineering tools for seismic analysis and design. Seismic risk reduction through indigenous architecture in. This version is a powerpoint show converted to a pdf.
Building codes include both technical and functional standards. The dhajjidiwari buildings remained intact in the 1885 srinagar earthquake. Features such as timber studs subdivided the infill and prevented. The retreat building is the official retreat residence of the president of india at chharabra, shimla, in the state of himachal pradesh. House with timber balconies and two sided pi taaq type construction unbaked brick wall with timber element 55. This consists of a braced timber frame structure with masonry infill, where the masonry is onewithe thick. Dhajji dewari is a construction method that uses timber framing and stone and cob infill. Dhajji dewari earthquake resistant construction system. The test results show that the dhajjidewari system of buildings possesses tremendous resilience against. Floors are used to give lateral restraint to walls, and where the joists run parallel to the wall.
Living walls living walls, also known as green walls, vertical planting systems, vertical gardens, plant walls or vegetated walls have been successfully adding value and beauty to interiors around the world for many years. It is tailored to the climatic, geographic, sociological and aesthetic needs of specific localities and emulates local traditions. In case of wood frame wall construction attach the omega profile against plywood back board with minimum thickness of 18mm. Taq construction in kashmir the typical ladder bands of timber runners and crosspieces embedded in masonry walls in traditional taq construction at 56.
It has dhajji wall construction, and a plinth area of 10,628 sq ft 987. Non linear analysis is carried out to know the inelastic behavior of the wall structures as the capacity of the dhajji dewari depends on its ability to dissipate energy and ductility. Nov 27, 2014 the paper presents the results of an experimental campaign on the behaviour of engineered masonry infill walls subjected to both in and outofplane loading. The taq system involves loadbearing masonry walls with horizontal timbers embedded in them. One on top of another and is built with mud, stone and. Dhajji means interconnected or patchwork quilt and dewari means wall in the local kashmiri language, therefore dhajjidewari means an interconnected, or. This collection offers more than 2500 plans in pdf format that you can download. Mar 14, 2015 earthquake resistant building construction ppt and seminar free download.
The rigid diaphragm behavior for dhajji construction is an assumption. These fun building challenges were stem activities on a budget. Disaster resilient vernacular housing technology in nepal. The entire subject matter is systematically arranged in the chapters like. During the various phases of the project, participants have provided articles and reports that help explain the construction types in their countries, as well as the. Bcp 2007 building code of pakistanseismic provisions2007. Normally straps need to be positioned every 2m along the wall, but up to 3m is acceptable where this is to allow the formation of a. Well, everyone knows about the earthquake and an earthquake is an oscillation or the quivering. Here is the download center of the building construction, and will provide you with more useful information about green, efficient construction tool systems. Dhajji dewari walls load bearing structure dhajj means patchwork quilt a dhajji house is a patchwork of timber and stone. This wellknown textbook provides an uptodate account of the basic knowledge of building construction.
Himis is a turkish variation, used to help reconstruct after their 1999 earthquake. Pdf experimental study on seismic capabilities of dhajjidewari. This paper would breakdown the false narrative of traditional construction taq and dhajjidewari as absolute, insubstantial and symbolic of. Dhajjidewari system in the dhajjidewari system, timber frames for confining masonry in small parcels are used. Pdf inplane behavior of full scale dhajji walls wooden. The manual seeks to address knowledge needs of masons with good. Earthquake resistant vernacular architecture freebooksummary. Timber framing and dhajji wall construction technique corner and bracing details of dhajji wall construction source. Springer nature is making sarscov2 and covid19 research free. Lateral load performance analysis of dhajji dewari using different infills. Mechanical properties of timber used in the construction of the walls.
This building has an area of 10,628 square feet 987. Simplified engineering tools for seismic analysis and design of. Lateral load performance analysis of dhajji dewari using. Dhajjidewari is a traditional method of construction in india and pakistan. This construction type has shown enough resistance to earthquakes when compared to plain masonry structures. Wall construction shall be capable of accommodating all loads imposed according to section r301. I have gone through the constructionwale marketplace. This article describes dhajji dewari which is a nonengineered traditional construction method mostly used in the northern parts of pakistan.
Other valuable resources are the troubleshooting guide to residential construction. Yutao pang, li cai, hui ouyang and xiaoyong zhou, seismic performance assessment of different fibers reinforced concrete columns using incremental dynamic analysis, construction and building materials, 10. Jan 28, 2014 these walls are plastered with mud both from inside and the outside in some parts of himachal pradesh, there is a popular use of the dhajji wall construction. Small internal and external diagonal bracing exists in coordination with the rubble to provide rigidity, but no evidence of a coherent braced timber framework, which was just now beginning to manifest in europe. Earthquake resistant vernacular architecture analysis uk essays. Moreover, one can screen the entire profile of the architects, vendors, dealers of the building material suppliers, in case we want to add them in our list. The second system, known as dhajjidewari construction, consists of a braced timber frame with masonry infill. Architectural heritage how traditional kashmiri architecture was designed to withstand even severe tremors the architecture in the valley celebrated the historical skill of. How traditional kashmiri architecture was designed to. The outstanding feature of this building is that it is purely a wooden structure with dhajji wall construction. The architecture and the picturesque surrounding of the place make it a major tourist attraction in shimla. Some date back to the 1970s and are still beautifying their interior spaces today, a profound. Using traditional knowledge systems for postdisaster reconstruction 5 creative space cs, volume 1, number 1, july 20 figure 4. As the construction method was familiar to the inhabitants, everyone could participate.
One, of solid bearing wall masonry with timber lacing, is known as taq and the other, a bricknogged timber frame construction, is known as dhajjidewari from the persian words for patch quilt wall. Traditional earthquake resistant systems of kashmir. The innovation and creativity that came from the kids was phenomenal. Earthquake resistant building construction seminar and ppt with pdf report.
The president stays at the building for at least two weeks during summer and conducts official business. Alker has primarily been used as a wall construction material. Improving structural performance of timber wall panels by. Allen lumley suggested i post this, but let me say that i have no experience with this building method and merely picked it out of one of jay c white clouds many informative posts dhajji dewari is a construction method that uses timber framing and stone and cob infill. A full length paper on the dhajji wall construction used. Bhatar construction in pakistan bhatar is a pashtoo word for beam. The traditional dhajji wall framed wall construction mode of the region was subsequently improvised by the british for making their colonial edifices. The provisions of this chapter shall control the design and construction of all walls and partitions for all buildings. The subject matter is expressed in a simple language and practical manner. Centre for indigenous building crafts interpretation of kath khuni tradition in shimla part 1 research year june 2019. Leepa dhajji and inll dhajji previous construction used well packed dhajji inll masonry of minimum 6 inch usually 810 inch thickness.